Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Congenital hyperinsulinism is the most common cause for recurrent hypoglycaemia in neonates and infants. Uncontrolled hypoglycaemia leads to seizures and long-term cerebral damage. Herein, we report a case of congenital hyperinsulinism (persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy, nesidioblastosis) and review of the relevant literature regarding on the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of this disorder....

Introduction: Cushing’s disease (CD) is the most common albeit rare in paediatric and adolescent population form of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, with potentially serious morbidity. Thus, it presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the clinician. Early diagnosis and treatment of Cushing’s disease is vital for long-term outcome. Paediatric pituitary-dependent Cushing’s disease, caused by an ACTH-secreting corticotroph adenoma, accounts for 75&...

Introduction: Wolfram Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive progressive neurodegenerative disorder with estimated prevalence of 1 in 500,000 r, also known as DIDMOAD syndrome for its four most common features (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy and Deafness). Patients present with nonautoimmune and non-HLA linked diabetes mellitus associated with optic atrophy in the first decade, diabetes insipidus and sensorineural deafness in the second decade, renal trac...

Background: Virginal breast hypertrophy is a rare benign disease. It is a condition of abnormal enlargement of the breast tissue and is characterized by rapid and excessive growth of one or two breasts during peripubertal period. This condition causes significal psychological and physical discomfort to affected adolescents, such as feeling embarrassed, inability to find appropriate clothes, suffering from back and shoulders pain, perhaps the appearance of kyphosis under the we...

Introduction: Recent studies demonstrate decrease in vitamin D3 level and bone mineral density in more than 50% of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients. It is also suggested that vitamin D deficiency in familial mediterranean fever (FMF) patients may trigger the disease flare. These patients are at high-risk of other autoimmune diseases, as well as described combination of FMF, celiac disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis. However, there are only two case reports on combination of FM...

Background: Diabetes is the most prevalent chronic metabolic disorder in children and adolescents, and incidence rates for both type-1 and type-2 diabetes are increasing worldwide. In recent years, the number of patients with type 1 diabetes is increasing mainly due to children under 5-years-old.Objective: To study the epidemiological indicators of T1DM among children of the Republic of Armenia (RA) from 2007 to 2016. Methods: Retrospective analysis of t...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders in childhood, adolescence and youth, developing due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, which leads to an absolute insulin deficiency. Gut microbiota (GM) is associated with the functions of the body’s immune system, and immune-mediated diseases, including T1DM. However, the exact mechanisms by which GM is involved in the T1DM are still unknown. Accumulating data suggest tha...

Introduction: Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is rising steadily around the globe, including Armenia. It is one of the most common autoimmune and metabolic disorders in pediatric population, resulting from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells leading to insulin deficiency. Gut microbiota (GM) is reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of T1DM likely by influencing the immune response with the help of arginine-metabolizing enzymes. Arginase i...